То есть Дуглас Паркс самый умный,а Лессер, Волтфиш ,Гилмор и др.,не имели представления?
Arikara has several innovations that differentiate its consonant system from PNC(Прото Северные Кэддо) and other Northern Caddoan languages. It innovated a phoneme c that developed from the palatalization of *
k before the vowel i (compare 'bone' and horn' in table 3). The PNC affricate *
c, which has remained in the other languages , changed to s in Ankara (see 'intestine' and up), while PNC *
s developed as two fricative sounds in Arikara: s when occurring before the two front vowels
i and
e (see 'bone'), and x before the other. nonfront vowels
a,
o, and
u (see 'one'). The PNC resonant *
r changed to n in word initial position in Arikara but remained r in medial position before vowels (compare 'in-testine' and horn'). Finally, the PNC resonant *
y became Arikara h medially ('tree'): in word-initial position it became n in one dialect and n in another ('wood' and examples above).
The Pawnee consonant system has remained close to the PNC system. The major change in Pawnee was the merger of PNC *
n and *
v with r (sec "'tail", "'buffalo"and 'wood'), leaving Pawnee with only two revonants. w and r. Two other developments were the change of *
w to p in word-initial position in both dialects (see 'man' ) and the dropping of h in word-initial position in the South Band dialect (see 'tongue').
Kitsai retained the PNC consonant sysiem almost fully intact. The only notable change was replacement of PNC *
p with kw in Kitsai, a change that also occurred in Wichita and probably was borrowed from one language to the other in the course of their close historical contact (see 'egg' and "blood').
